LCN2 and chronic kidney disease: Deterioration of renal function, as evident from elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) to creatinine ratio, was alleviated following transplantation of control MSCs but not CKD MSCs; metformin pretreatment showed a tendency toward better preservation of renal function as compared with CKD MSC treatment (Figure 4d).