HOMA-IR, an index of whole-body insulin sensitivity in which higher values denote insulin resistance, was significantly greater in RTHβ (median RTHβ 1.706 vs control 0.95, P = 0.01 × 10–2, Fig. 3C) and this difference persisted even when 2 patients with particularly high HOMA-IR values (7.17, 6.16) were excluded from analysis (median HOMA-IR RTHβ 1.67, P = 0.01 × 10–2). Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.