JNK 1/2 has previously been shown to be involved in TNFα, but not flagellin-induced CXCL8 from epithelial cells [6] ERK 1/2 have been implicated in the intrinsic inflammation of CF [26] and are known to be involved in Pa and flagellin-induced CXCL8 and IL-6 release via NF-κB activation [6, 22, 23]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cystic fibrosis.