Maternal characteristics; age, parity, BMI, biochemical markers; serum PLGF, PAPP-A, βhCG, Doppler studies; MAP, Ut-PI, CRL, and foetal specific markers were also reported to be effective in predicting the development of hypertension/pre-eclampsia [32–35, 37] Conversely, transvaginal colour Doppler assessment of the uterine arteries at 23 weeks of gestation reported a one-stage colour Doppler screening program at 23 weeks identifies most women who subsequently develop severe pre-eclampsia and/or foetal growth restriction [61]. Here, PAPPA is linked to hypertensive disorder.