BRAF and cancer: After discovery of B-RAF as an oncogene in some cancer types and of V600E being the most relevant somatic missense mutation on B-RAF in melanoma (Davies et al. 2002; Wellbrock et al. 2004), specific B-RAF inhibitors were applied to treat melanoma and improved treatment effects (e.g. increased response rate) were observed compared to conventional chemotherapeutic agents (Chapman et al. 2011; Flaherty et al. 2012).