NPPB and atrial fibrillation: Compared with non-HF patients, HF patients had higher body mass index (BMI), a higher percentage of hypertension (HTN), cardiovascular disease, AF, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and CCI score, as well as poor LVEF, higher cardiac arrhythmia, significantly longer TUG test, high level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high serum creatinine, but lower serum albumin and eGFR.