HAND2 and spontaneous abortion: Although sample sizes of these datasets are small, and the intrinsic temporo-spatial heterogeneity of the endometrium remains a potential confounding factor, we found that HAND2 was dysregulated in the endometria of women with implantation failure (IF) and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), while it was not differentially expressed in ESFs or DSCs from women with preeclampsia (PE), compared to controls (Figure 2G).