In addition, through the secretion of growth factors (e.g., VEGF, bFGF, EGF, PDGF, hepatocyte growth factor, TGF‐α), cytokines (e.g., IL‐6, and IL‐8) and chemokines in a paracrine manner, AD‐MSCs can promote angiogenesis, the immune response, epithelial regeneration, and wound remodeling.199. Here, VEGFA is linked to Alzheimer disease.