SERPINE1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence from several studies has found that blood coagulation factors (Va, VIIa, VIIIa, Xa, Xia, XIIa), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), thrombin-activated fibrinolytic inhibitor (TAFI), α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2-PI) and were elevated in IBD patients, while the level of antithrombin and the activity of tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was reduced in IBD patients (45, 46).