For example, the presence of viral particles in cutaneous blood vessels could induce lymphocytic vasculitis through cytokine production, i.e., interleukin-1 (IL-1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) by CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and the migration of eosinophils, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells (68, 69). Here, TNF is linked to vasculitis, lymphocytic, nodular.