MTOR and lung carcinoma: Shell et al. (2008) presented that metformin administration could significantly increase cancer chemosensitivity associated with mTOR inhibition following AMPK activation. Previous studies indicate that dysregulation of AKT is a prominent feature of various tumors including NSCLC (Lee et al., 2002; Liao et al., 2019). In addition, AKT amplification and the mTOR signaling pathway also play an important role in mediating DDP resistance in lung cancer (Feng et al., 2019).