IL11 and cancer: Öhlund et al. reported that PSCs could differentiate into two distinct cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one (located near tumor cells) expressed higher αSMA and exhibited a myofibroblast phenotype, while the other (located more distantly from cancer cells) expressed lower αSMA and secreted higher inflammatory factors like interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-11 (36).