As shown in Figure 2A, the results showed that the Siaα2-3Galβ1-4Glc(NAc)/Glc binder MAL-II, the Galβ-1,4GlcNAc (type II), the Galβ1-3GlcNAc (type I) binders RCA120 and ECA, as well as the High-Mannose binders HHL, exhibited significantly decreased NFIs in all patients with lung cancer compared with BPD (all p < 0.001). Here, MAL is linked to lung carcinoma.