First generation EGFR TKIs such as gefitinib, erlotinib, and icotinib provide survival benefits over conventional chemotherapy and have revolutionized the therapy of patients with NSCLC with EGFR-activating mutations, as has crizotinib, a TKI targeting ALK fusions, for ALK-positive patients. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.