TNF and osteoarthritis: Previous studies showed that PI3K-Akt,NF-kappa B and TNF signaling pathways are involved in synovial hyperplasia and osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration (Fu et al., 2016; Lai et al., 2014) and changes in the expression of cytokines, biological factors and enzymes on chondrocytes in human osteoarthritis may be caused by the p38-MAPK signaling pathway (Feng et al., 2017).