Quantitative RT-PCR expression data showed that leukocyte HIF1A, PFK, PKM2, DVL2, NFKB1 ( all p < 0.0001 ), SLC2A1 (p = 0.0004), LDHA (p = 0.0015), and CTNNB1 (p = 0.002) mRNA levels were significantly higher, whereas leukocyte SLC2A4 expression was significantly lower (p = 0.0134) in the patients with GDM in comparison with the subjects with NGT (Fig. 2). Here, LDHA is linked to gestational diabetes.