INS and gestational diabetes: In our study, the expression of the CTNNB1 and DVL2 genes, encoding β-catenin and dishevelled 2 (DVL-2) protein, respectively, was significantly increased in leukocytes of hyperglycemic and insulin resistant patients with GDM compared to that noted in normal controls, thereby suggesting that the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway may be linked with the metabolic phenotype of diabetic patients.