WWOX and gestational diabetes: As shown in Fig. 2, the WWOX/HIF1A index was decreased by approximately 6.5-fold (p <0.0001) in the GDM group compared to the NGT group; thus it appears to be a better indicator of leukocyte transcriptional response of the two related genes to GDM than each of these two genes separately, as evidenced by an 1.4- fold decrease for WWOX and a 3.8-fold increase for HIF1A in the diabetic patients.