BRAF and cutaneous melanoma: Dysregulations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and BRAF gene mutations, seen in 50% of skin melanoma patients, can cause cell proliferation and cancer formation.[14] BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MEK) inhibitors, such as trametinib, are new drugs of interest in the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanomas.