TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, characterized by increased levels of inflammatory markers such as the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, PCR, and IL -1β, capable of promoting changes in the immune system response or in the inflammatory response [22, 35, 41, 43], which can be the basis of the process that promotes metabolic and immunological dysregulation, increasing the risk for other inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [22, 41, 43, 44].