Nevertheless, in animal model of HF, GDF-11 stimulated oxidative stress, potentiated apoptosis, and induced tissue injury by upregulating Nox4 in H9C2 cells (cardiomyoblast cell line derived from embryonic rat heart tissue) and the production of reactive oxygen species in a result of modulation of NADPH oxidases [173]. The gene discussed is GDF11; the disease is hydrops fetalis.