GDF11 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Indeed, metabolic signature in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is related to gender and depended on expression of genes, which were widely involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), adiponectin, persephin, osteomodulin, protooncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret, complement decay-accelerating factor, growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11), gelsolin, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19L [27, 28].