The HIF-1α isoform is beneficial to repression of oxazolone- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis via induction of barrier-protective genes whereas HIF-2α is detrimental to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via increased inflammatory responses (16, 17). Here, EPAS1 is linked to colitis.