Higher susceptibility to EGJA was also observed for carriers of the PD-1.9*T allele (lower for the PD-1.9 C/C genotype, OR = 0.81) and this observation was in accordance with the results obtained for gastrointestinal cancer (153), ESCC in females (163) as well as for ovarian cancer (173). Here, PDCD1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.