AGTR1 and vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy: AT1 receptors are responsible for most biological effects of angiotensin II, which includes vasoconstriction, sodium retention, aldosterone release, cell proliferation, cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and inflammation (Faria-Costa et al., 2014), whereas AT2 receptors have opposite effects that counterbalance those mediated by the classical activation of AT1 receptors (Rubio-Ruiz et al., 2014).