BDNF and depressive symptom measurement: Figures 12B–E showed that in parallel with the BDNF-shRNA data, hippocampal TrkB-knockdown notably abolished the protecting effects of ARN-3236 against CSDS in the FST [ANOVA: F(6, 63) = 28.859, p < 0.01], TST [ANOVA: F(6, 63) = 30.281, p < 0.01], SPT [ANOVA: F(6, 63) = 26.387, p < 0.01] and social interaction test [ANOVA: F(6, 63) = 38.604, p < 0.01] (n = 10). Similar results were observed again in the CUMS model of depression [ANOVA for FST: F(6, 63) = 24.661, p < 0.01. ANOVA for TST: F(6, 63) = 27.973, p < 0.01. ANOVA for SPT: F(6, 63) = 18.309, p < 0.01] (Figure 12G-12I, n = 10).