There is a large body of preclinical data and early human clinical trial results showing the safety and therapeutic potential of TLR9 modulating compounds to improve vaccines and treat cancer, infectious disease, allergy/asthma, autoimmune disorders (Anwar et al., 2019; Krieg, 2006; Bezemer et al., 2012; Gupta and Cooper, 2008). Here, TLR9 is linked to cancer.