TLR9 and infection: Platelet activation can occur via multiple signaling pathways of which platelet-TLR9 has been positioned as a connector between oxidative stress, infection and platelet activation (Panigrahi et al., 2013).Of all TLRs, TLR9 is most highly expressed on platelets as analyzed in the Framingham Heart Study sample population (n = 1625) (Koupenova et al., 2015).