CD40 and human African trypanosomiasis: Suramin, an antiparasitic drug approved for the prophylactic treatment of African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) and river blindness (onchocerciasis), was incorporated because it was claimed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture most likely by preventing binding or entry of the virus (Salgado-Benvindo et al., 2020) (as well as because we found it earlier to inhibit the CD40–CD40L PPI (Margolles-Clark et al., 2009a)).