Also, PPARγ in macrophages plays an important role on IBD physiopathology, as macrophage-specific PPARγ knockdown leads to pronounced colitis clinical effects, accumulation of TCD8+ lymphocytes in lamina propria, increase of CD40 surface expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine (Shah et al., 2007; Hontecillas et al., 2011). The gene discussed is CD40; the disease is colitis.