Previous studies have indicated that D3NB has diverse neuroprotective effects in CCH, such as preserving white matter integrity (Han et al., 2019), regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Shh/Ptch1 signaling-pathway (Niu et al., 2019), and promoting neovascularization (Xiong et al., 2017; Li et al., 2019c). Here, PTCH1 is linked to columnar cell hyperplasia of the breast.