TSC1 and tuberous sclerosis: Further, mice with inactivation of Tsc1 gene in astrocytes (Tsc1GFAPCKO) displays epilepsy, learning deficits, reduced GLT-1 protein expression, elevated levels of glutamate in the hippocampus, and impairment of hippocampus-LTP suggesting altered glutamate homeostasis and synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of Tuberous Sclerosis (Wong et al., 2003; Zeng et al., 2007).