AKT1 and chronic mountain sickness: Since (a) PERK is a direct Akt target and was hyperactivated in CMS neurons after hypoxia treatment (Blaustein et al., 2013), and (b) Akt has been shown to be associated with chronic mountain sickness (Buroker et al., 2017), we determined the level of Akt activation (pAkt S473/Akt) in both non-CMS and CMS neurons.