A cocktail of resveratrol (100 mg) and grape polyphenols (75 mg) significantly increased Nrf2-ARE binding activity at 3 h (~ 150%) and 5 h (~ 100%) post consumption in 10 healthy adults [45] In a randomized, crossover study, Saldanha et al. [58] found no change in Nrf2 gene expression (− 0.27 fold) with a four week intake of resveratrol (500 mg/day) in kidney disease patients. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to kidney disorder.