TNF and neoplasm: The tumor-associated immune landscape may be reflected in peripheral blood leucocyte counts via the interaction between tumor cells, TIICs, and stromal cells, which promotes proinflammatory cytokine production (i.e., TNFα, interleukins, TGFβ, CXCLs) leading to immune cell recruitment, as has been described in the case of neutrophils and monocytes [6, 7].