On the other hand, some motifs were significantly enriched in DMRs in later-stage IPNs, including ATF3, E2F1, E2F3, E2F4, E2F6, E2F7, EGR1, EGR2, KLF1, KLF12, KLF3, KLF4, KLF6, MYOG, PATZ1, SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4, TFDP1, ZBT14, ZIC1, ZN281, ZN335 exclusively in ADC; ASCL1, HEN1, KLF9, SNAI2 only in ADC and MIA; SNAI1 and TFEB in ADC, MIA, and AIS but not in AAH, suggesting that methylation changes at these CpG sites may be associated with later processes during carcinogenesis of these IPNs. Here, KLF9 is linked to AIDS dementia complex.