CD4 and cancer: Recently, Prof. Ming O. Li and colleagues published two back-to-back studies in Nature, demonstrating that blocking transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in CD4+ T cells leads to tissue healing and remodeling of the blood vasculature, causing cancer cell hypoxia and death in distant avascular regions.1 Furthermore, they also provide direct evidence validating that the above strategy does restrain cancer progression in a mouse model of breast cancer resistant to immune-checkpoint or anti-VEGF therapies.2