CD4 and cancer: TGF-β is a well-known pleiotropic cytokine regulating numerous pathophysiological processes including carcinogenesis and wound healing.1 Previous targeted therapies targeting TGF-β did not achieve much success, partly due to the severe side effects caused by TGF-β signaling blockage.2 In the second translational research by Prof. Ming O. Li et al., they fully elucidated how to pharmacologically block TGF-β signaling in CD4+ T cells and elicit reorganization of tumor vasculature and cancer cell death following the above findings.2