A recent study of a Han Chinese population reported that the aspartic acid at position 160 within the HLA-DQA1 protein (i.e., HLA-DQA1 Asp160) was associated with an increased risk of developing ACPA-positive RA, instead of the well-described HLA-DRB1 alleles [22]. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQA1 and rheumatoid arthritis.