The LOX pro-peptide has been shown to reduce the invasive phenotype and anchorage independent growth of Ras transformed lung cancer [137], pancreatic cancer [137], breast cancer [138] and fibroblasts [139] on soft agar and reduce expression and binding of Ras stimulated NF-κB [137,138], whereas mature LOX had the opposite effect. This evidence concerns the gene LOX and familial pancreatic carcinoma.