They promote the formation of a tumour supportive ECM through, among other actions, increased deposition of collagens, particularly type I, III and V fibrillar collagens (Figure 2) [38,39] and secretion of LOX family members, as well as chemokines and cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) [29,40,41]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.