Based on a comparison on these two studies, and the fact that GM-CSF can modulate myeloid cells [52], we can suggest that pre-activation with GM-CSF, or similar myeloid factors, may lead to myeloid skewing into immature suppressive cells, again suggesting that forced DAP12 may be a novel mechanism to break strong tolerance such as the one induced by the tumor microenvironment. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.