Previous studies have implicated two CCCs, the Na+-K+-Cl− and K+-Cl− cotransporters (NKCCs and KCCs) in stroke episodes along with their upstream regulators, the with-no-lysine kinase (WNKs) family and STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine rich kinase (SPAK) or oxidative stress response kinase (OSR1) via a signaling pathway. The gene discussed is STK39; the disease is Stroke.