In vivo models of giardiasis revealed that the probiotic supplementation was associated with potent immuno-modulatory effects, with upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, or increases in Giardia-specific IgA and IgG (Benyacoub et al., 2005; Shukla and Sidhu, 2011). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is giardiasis.