INHA and gastrointestinal disease: Although the virulence factors associated with clinical non-gastrointestinal diseases are unclear, in our clinically isolates, we found the contemporary presence of genes encoding to NHE, entA, entFM, sph, cerA, cerB, inhA, plcA, and plcB virulence factors, in co-presence of the PlcR (Salamitou et al., 2000).