As shown in Figs. 7 and S6, the ratio of TNF-α/GAPDH and phosphorylated p-38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK)/p38 MAPK were significantly increased in db/db mice with DCM compared with non-diabetic controls (P < 0.05, n = 5 mice/group). Here, GAPDH is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.