In conclusion, our data show that the transition from adaptive to maladaptive stress-related hippocampal-dependent memories is mediated by a shift in balance between tPA and PAI-1 proteins, with an adaptive increase in memory appearing when the ratio is in favor of tPA [28] and PTSD-like memory when it shifts in favor of PAI-1. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.