CXCL12 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: A number of studies have confirmed the presence of various chemokine receptors such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR1, CXCR3 and chemokines such as CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL12 in AP lesions from both humans and mice38,39.