TNF and atherosclerosis: The authors of that study concluded that the CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCR3 expression induced by IFNγ in M1 macrophages causes the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα and results in the progression of tissue destruction in various disorders such as metabolic diseases, asthma, allergies, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, reduced wound healing, and autoimmunity50.