Inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in GC cells mediated by SFN which have revealed by our experiments (Figs. 3 and 4), to further characterize the mechanisms of SFN on cell S phase arrest, we detected the expression levels of CDK2, p21 and p53 by western blotting, which directly regulated the S-phase transition33–36. Here, CDK2 is linked to gastric cancer.