Lcn2Pan−/− mice were more sensitive to l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis, hence exhibiting increased mortality (Fig. 6b), aggravated pancreatic histological damage (Fig. 6c), and elevated serum amylase (a diagnostic biomarker of acute pancreatitis) (Fig. 6d), pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO, a marker of neutrophil recruitment) (Fig. 6e), serum HMGB1 (Fig. 6f), pancreatic MDA (Fig. 6g), and Ptgs2 mRNA (Fig. 6h). Here, HMGB1 is linked to acute pancreatitis.