Consistent with our in vitro observations, NUPR1-knockdown (NUPR1KD) or LCN2-knockdown (LCN21KD) PANC1 cells were more sensitive to IKE-induced tumor suppression compared to control groups in vivo, in a model in which immunodeficient mice were bearing human PDAC cells (Fig. 5a). This evidence concerns the gene NUPR1 and neoplasm.