Other putative nSMase2 inhibitors, spiroepoxide (29), glutathione (29), and cambinol (30), and the microautophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (31) exhibited a modest effect on secretion, which was variably significant among non-COPD, COPD, and HBE-1 cells tested. This evidence concerns the gene SMPD3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.