IGHE and autoimmune disease: As shown in Table 1, the patients with autoantibody positivity were of a significantly greater age, had more concomitant autoimmune diseases and higher incidence of clinical jaundice, and elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), IgG, IgM, and IgE than patients with no autoantibody detectable at the time of acute HEV infection.