SPHK1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Consistent with the findings from the pancreatic cancer tissues, the result of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of SPHK1 and HAS2 was increased in pancreatic cancer cell lines (Capan-1, AsPC-1, and PANC-1), in comparison to normal pancreatic duct epithelial HDPE6C7 cell line, respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01) (Figure 2(a)).