In the fully adjusted model, after adjusted for age (year), poverty income ratio, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, VITD, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, glycohemoglobin (%), BMI (Kg/m2), physical activity (MET-based rank) (%), smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life, drinking alcohol (gm) first day, hypertension history, diabetes history, coronary heart disease, stroke, and enlarged prostate, we found that for each additional unit of total dietary intake of sugars, the PSA concentrations are increased by 0.003 (0.001, 0.005) (log2 transformed). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.