MTOR and cancer: But it is accepted that an increase in the BCAA metabolic pathway reinforces the ability of cancer cell proliferation as these metabolites are well known to be regulators of many cell signaling pathways, such as phosphorylated mTOR, S6K1, and IRS1, implied in insulin resistance and cell proliferation (O’Connell, 2013; Kogut et al., 2015; Hattori et al., 2017).