IL6 and gallstones: Firstly, H. pylori can produce oxidative stress and free radical reactions through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) system [46, 47] and release large amounts of proinflammatory and vasoactive substances, such as interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [48], which are involved in gallbladder inflammatory disorders and pathogenesis of gallstones.